Nonviolent Resistance And Nonviolent Action - 2197 Words

Throughout decades there have been many revolutions and protest against tyrants, dictatorships, unjust governments, and unjust laws. These movements strived to change policies, secure concessions, defeat repressive regimes, instill justice and equality—bring about a social change. The success of many of these revolutions was not due to the use of arms and weaponry or physical violence, instead, it was due to the strategic use of nonviolent action. Notable revolutions such as the Civil Rights Movement, Apartheid, and the Dandi Satyagraha (The Salt March) employed a variety of nonviolent tactics that amassed many supporters and ultimately achieved their goals. Thus, it is logical enough to say that nonviolent resistance is effective and has the ability to force a social change. In fact, nonviolent action is a far better method for social change than violent works. To begin with, Gene Sharp, an expert on Peace Studies and Nonviolent Resistance, defines nonviolent action as, †Å"methods of protest, noncooperation, and intervention in which the actionists, without employing physical violence, refuse to do certain things which they are expected, or required to do; or do certain things which they are not expected, or are forbidden to do.† In other words, it is a way of opposition or the practice of achieving goals without the use of violence. Nonviolent action encompasses a large arrays of phenomena: nonviolent resistance, satyagraha, passive resistance, symbolic protests, economicShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King1246 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful speaking skills combined with his courageous actions on behalf of racial justice, makes him a compelling exemplar of philosophical advocacy in action. Dr. King is widely regarded as America s pre-eminent advocate of nonviolence and one of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was cognizance of the interrelatedness of the society mostly the Black Christian society. K ing s method of nonviolent direct action worked slowly and involved great struggle. MartinRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Henry David Thoreau1650 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia against a president they cannot accept. Nonviolent resistance has, in many ways, defined the resistance to authoritarian governments and decisions in the past century or so. But is it the most effective way to defeat authoritarian governments? Doesn’t defeating a truly authoritarian government -- a government led by a ruthless leader like Hitler -- require violence? Is using nonviolent resistance actually a way to acquiesce to the controlling powers, a way to show weakness? In his 1849Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail812 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica. The Civil Rights Movement was under way. African Americans were fighting for their basic human rights. One of the most notable figures of the Civil Rights Movement was Martin Luther King Jr. He fought for African American’s rights using nonviolent resistance; however, during a protest in Birmingham, Alabama, Dr. King was thrown into jail. While in his jail cell, Dr. King wrote a letter to clergymen from the Birmingham jail claiming his stance on peaceful confrontation on defending African American’sRead MoreMartin Luther King Rhetorical Analysis1260 Words   |  6 Pagespeople thought about their actions, the actions of others, and that of the government were challenged and reexamined, which was necessary in order to achieve true equality. As a theologian, King was committed to peace and slowly began to understand the meaning and power behind nonviolent resistance - a concept he was first exposed to at college when reading Henry David Thoreau’s Essay on Civil Disobedience. During 1955-1956, King enacted this philosophy of nonviolent resistance through his involvementRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagesdomestic conflict outside of the interwar period. Schmitt’s theory assists in understanding the racial segregation in the United States as political. However, while King identified similar critiques of liberalism as Schmitt, he believed that nonviolent direct action was an effective, politically engaged method which sought to obtain equal civil rights for African Americans as opposed to usurping power from the state. While not inherently political, Schmitt argues that societal realms such as economicRead MoreThe Use Of Nonviolent Resistance By Martin Luther King Jr.1562 Words   |  7 Pagesdrawbacks benefits, and the circumstances in which they may or may not be justified. The first technique people can use is nonviolent resistance. There are various of reasons why some people may argue nonviolent resistance is indeed very effective and stronger and more powerful than violent resistance. To begin with, it calls out attention. When one does a nonviolent resistance, it has a very powerful meaning because the people can peacefully challenge their opponent by addressing the social problemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Iron Jawed Angels By Martin Luther King Jr930 Words   |  4 Pagesthree ways to deal with oppression. Dr. King believed the best defense against oppression being that of nonviolent resistance. The film Iron Jawed Angels (IJA) is also great example of oppression with the struggle to women rights in the United States. Mr. King stated that there are three ways of oppression that oppressed people deal with, acquiescence, physical violence, and nonviolent resistance. One must come out of their comfort zone in order to see new and in most cases better outcomes. Mr. KingRead MoreThe Philosophy Of A King Martin Luther King Jr.1305 Words   |  6 Pagespeaceful protest. In his writing â€Å"Nonviolence and Racial Justice†, King clearly explains his methods of Nonviolent resistance. First, King says that nonviolent actions are not the actions of a coward. Nonviolent resisters of evil are not physically aggressive, but they keep their minds and emotions active by revealing to the oppressor their wrongdoings. Second, King believes that the nonviolent goals is to win friendship and understanding, not hate or humiliation; that violence creates bitternessRead MoreWar Causes Pain And Distress1242 Words   |  5 PagesGene Sharp’s understanding of the techniques of nonviolent actions is the most effective solution. He touches bases on three non-violence methods of actions that can be approached in his reading done in 1968. Gene Sharp was a t heorist of non-violent actions. None violent actions lead to change in many situations whether people are being discriminated against or just want change. Gene Sharp teaches three class methods of non-violent actions; nonviolent protest, non-violent cooperation, and non-violentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Martin Luther King Jr.1305 Words   |  6 Pagesin Birmingham City Jail due to nonviolent resistance participation which was unapproved by a group of white clergymen. In this letter, King addresses these clergymen’s critics about the demonstrations being unwise and untimely, and saying that the participants of such were outsiders coming in. King points out how whites are disturbed by the demonstrations, yet the reason these demonstrations have arisen don’t seem to concern them. They may ask why direct-action must be used, or why do marches

Leadership Is An Important Element Of The Management...

1 Steve Jobs CEO, Apple Introduction Leadership is an important element of the management function. Leadership involves ability to integrate human resources and firm’s goals. Different situations may warrant different kinds of leadership. A business leader knows how to motivate people, accomplish goals, and get things done quickly. Leaders act as middlemen between employees and organization s objectives. Leaders reveal attributes of courage, creativity, and entrepreneurial energy. Strong leaders are essential to the success of an organization. To be a successful leader, an individual must be innovative, able to constructive criticism, and possess power to influence others. Steve Jobs’ leadership style is quite unique and influencing. We can see a lot of examples of great business leader in real life. One of them is Steve Jobs, a well-known personality all over the world. MAIN BODY In order to survive for the organization in the long run, an efficient organization is one which adapt with the changing external environment. In such case, a leader must be innovative and creative who easily diagnose the situation and implement new ideas to avoid the threat of that factor to the organization. Steve Jobs was known for his new ideas and creativity. His innovations and dedications to quality made his customer brand loyal. He came up with nano 2 technology in the market â€Å"He brought us Apple, Pixar, and desktop laser printers. He delivered one of the most-watched TED Talks ofShow MoreRelated Functions Of Management Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pageswhats really significant. Management is necessary for a business to function, yet when exploring the role of the manager, it becomes rather complex. Managers must be resourceful; they are individuals who wear many hats. The job of every manager involves what is known as the functions of management. Richard Daft definition of management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through the employment of the four management functions of planning, organizing, leadingRead MoreThe Functions of Stage Management1022 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Header: THE FUNCTIONS OF STAGE MANAGEMENT THE FUNCTIONS OF STAGE MANAGEMENT Abstract The four functions of management can be applied to business, sports teams or stage management to name a few. Stage management can apply to stadium size concerts to small theatrical acts. Planning is a key function that gets the party started. Proper planning leads to the event being organized. An organized show allows for some mistakes that can be solved inRead MoreSenior Leadership Challenges At Ch2m Hill1248 Words   |  5 PagesSenior Leadership Challenges One of the greatest challenges faced by senior leadership at CH2M HILL was how to effectively engage young engineers in order to raise their commitment to the company. While the young engineers connected with many of the company’s ideas, such as projects to improve the world, they also desired novel work which provided challenge and learning to aid them in their career advancement (Newman, 2013). Learning in this way was hindered by the company. It did not want toRead MoreThe Necessity Of Careful Environmental Scanning Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesEvery successful organization uses the five management functions; but not many can compare with the United States Armed Forces. I am currently serving in the United States Air Force and this organization has effectively applied the five management functions, because its existence depends on those five functions. From the initial planning to the final execution steps, we perform all five functions in our day-to-day operations in flawless manners and pride ourselves in the job well done. The Air ForceRead MoreManagement Skills Need For The Business Successful And Profitable At The Global Platform1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfails miserably to engage their employees. The management skills need to be effectively leveraged so as to maximize the success of the business and are the key elements for making the healthy and desirable workplace. Business is an entity with several numbers of internal and external customers and these customers are effectively managed via effective management skills. Thus, management skills is about knowing and doing, whereby conceptual rules of management is easy to understand but it is the capabilityRead MoreCritical Thinking730 Words   |  3 Pagesmanager. In order for someone to become a good manager, he/ she must be a decision maker, leadership skills, a good planner and must have good communication and interpersonal relation skills, these are the things that one must have to be come a successful manager. If a business wants to become successful it must have great management. All the elements of managing is affected by internal and external elements that will affect the decision the supervisor make and how they delegate the job throughRead MoreA Comprehensive Leadership Approach On Leadership1421 Words   |  6 PagesComprehensive Leadership Approach Thoughts on Leadership Just the thought of leadership excites me. This is because I became very interested in the topic of leadership, immediately after I joined the United States Army in 2003. As a civilian, without any job experience, I had never been formally exposed to leadership, although, in retrospect, I was surrounded by family and community leaders. There are numerous sources that depict leadership. In this writing, I describe my thoughts on leadership in termsRead MoreThe Four Functions Of Management1314 Words   |  6 Pageshave considered most important. It primarily highlights the four functions of management; planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. Secondly, it discusses the characteristics of a successful manager. Finally, relates the necessary skills for a competent manager; technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Group Consensus The first of the three most important concepts are the Four Functions of Management. Under this concept the four functions of management contain four objectivesRead MoreOrganizational Change Leadership from a Systems Perspective670 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational Change Leadership from a Systems Perspective Organizational Change Leadership from a Systems Perspective The characteristics that best describe our dream human service organization; Amelia’s House, a support driven facility created to provide ongoing emotional support as survivors of homicide go through the journey of grief while enduring the aftermath of handling losing a child, family member, or loved one to violence or homicide, include the consideration ofRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And The Social Sciences1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthat required clarifications in my work life. An in-depth analysis in this subject helped me to gain a thorough understanding of different areas like leadership qualities, cultural difference in workplace, power and politics in an organization, etc. Every individual has their own needs, interests and goals in an organization but achieving these elements are always a challenge to them. And I believe that, knowledge in Organizational Behavior is a great tool that can be used to reach that goal. Organizational

Carl Jung Theory Free Essays

Jung’s theory divides the psyche into three parts. The first is the ego, which Jung identifies with the conscious mind. Closely related is the personal unconscious, which includes anything that is not presently conscious, but can be. We will write a custom essay sample on Carl Jung Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The personal unconscious is like most people’s understanding of the unconscious in that it includes both memories that are easily brought to mind and those that have been suppressed for some reason. But it does not include the instincts that Freud would have it include. But then Jung adds the part of the psyche that makes his theory stand out from all others: the collective unconscious. You could call it your â€Å"psychic inheritance. † It is the reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge we are all born with. And yet we can never be directly conscious of it. It influences all of our experiences and behaviors, most especially the emotional ones, but we only know about it indirectly, by looking at those influences. There are some experiences that show the effects of the collective unconscious more clearly than others: The experiences of love at first sight, of deja vu (the feeling that you’ve been here before), and the immediate recognition of certain symbols and the meanings of certain myths, could all be understood as the sudden conjunction of our outer reality and the inner reality of the collective unconscious. Grander examples are the creative experiences shared by artists and musicians all over the world and in all times, or the spiritual experiences of mystics of all religions, or the parallels in dreams, fantasies, mythologies, fairy tales, and literature. A nice example that has been greatly discussed recently is the near-death experience. It seems that many people, of many different cultural backgrounds, find that they have very similar recollections when they are brought back from a close encounter with death. They speak of leaving their bodies, seeing their bodies and the events surrounding them clearly, of being pulled through a long tunnel towards a bright light, of seeing deceased relatives or religious figures waiting for them, and of their disappointment at having to leave this happy scene to return to their bodies. Perhaps we are all â€Å"built† to experience death in this fashion. Archetypes The contents of the collective unconscious are called archetypes. Jung also called them dominants, imagos, mythological or primordial images, and a few other names, but archetypes seem to have won out over these. An archetype is an unlearned tendency to experience things in a certain way. The archetype has no form of its own, but it acts as an â€Å"organizing principle† on the things we see or do. It works the way that instincts work in Freud’s theory: At first, the baby just wants something to eat, without knowing what it wants. It has a rather indefinite yearning, which, nevertheless, can be satisfied by some things and not by others. Later, with experience, the child begins to yearn for something more specific when it is hungry — a bottle, a cookie, a broiled lobster, a slice of New York style pizza. The archetype is like a black hole in space: You only know its there by how it draws matter and light to itself. The mother archetype The mother archetype is a particularly good example. All of our ancestors had mothers. We have evolved in an environment that included a mother or mother-substitute. We would never have survived without our connection with a nurturing-one during our times as helpless infants. It stands to reason that we are â€Å"built† in a way that reflects that evolutionary environment: We come into this world ready to want mother, to seek her, to recognize her, to deal with her. So the mother archetype is our built-in ability to recognize a certain relationship, that of â€Å"mothering. † Jung says that this is rather abstract, and we are likely to project the archetype out into the world and onto a particular person, usually our own mothers. Even when an archetype doesn’t have a particular real person available, we tend to personify the archetype, that is, turn it into a mythological â€Å"story-book† character. This character symbolizes the archetype. The mother archetype is symbolized by the primordial mother or â€Å"earth mother† of mythology, by Eve and Mary in western traditions, and by less personal symbols such as the church, the nation, a forest, or the ocean. According to Jung, someone whose own mother failed to satisfy the demands of the archetype may well be one that spends his or her life seeking comfort in the church, or in identification with â€Å"the motherland,† or in meditating upon the figure of Mary, or in a life at sea. Mana You must understand that these archetypes are not really biological things, like Freud’s instincts. They are more spiritual demands. For example, if you dreamt about long things, Freud might suggest these things represent the phallus and ultimately sex. But Jung might have a very different interpretation. Even dreaming quite specifically about a penis might not have much to do with some unfulfilled need for sex. It is curious that in primitive societies, phallic symbols do not usually refer to sex at all. They usually symbolize mana, or spiritual power. These symbols would be displayed on occasions when the spirits are being called upon to increase the yield of corn, or fish, or to heal someone. The connection between the penis and strength, between semen and seed, between fertilization and fertility are understood by most cultures. The shadow Sex and the life instincts in general are, of course, represented somewhere in Jung’s system. They are a part of an archetype called the shadow. It derives from our prehuman, animal past, when our concerns were limited to survival and reproduction, and when we weren’t self-conscious. It is the â€Å"dark side† of the ego, and the evil that we are capable of is often stored there. Actually, the shadow is amoral — neither good nor bad, just like animals. An animal is capable of tender care for its young and vicious killing for food, but it doesn’t choose to do either. It just does what it does. It is â€Å"innocent. † But from our human perspective, the animal world looks rather brutal, inhuman, so the shadow becomes something of a garbage can for the parts of ourselves that we can’t quite admit to. Symbols of the shadow include the snake (as in the garden of Eden), the dragon, monsters, and demons. It often guards the entrance to a cave or a pool of water, which is the collective unconscious. Next time you dream about wrestling with the devil, it may only be yourself you are wrestling with! The persona The persona represents your public image. The word is, obviously, related to the word person and personality, and comes from a Latin word for mask. So the persona is the mask you put on before you show yourself to the outside world. Although it begins as an archetype, by the time we are finished realizing it, it is the part of us most distant from the collective unconscious. At its best, it is just the â€Å"good impression† we all wish to present as we fill the roles society requires of us. But, of course, it can also be the â€Å"false impression† we use to manipulate people’s opinions and behaviors. And, at its worst, it can be mistaken, even by ourselves, for our true nature: Sometimes we believe we really are what we pretend to be! Anima and animus A part of our persona is the role of male or female we must play. For most people that role is determined by their physical gender. But Jung, like Freud and Adler and others, felt that we are all really bisexual in nature. When we begin our lives as fetuses, we have undifferentiated sex organs that only gradually, under the influence of hormones, become male or female. Likewise, when we begin our social lives as infants, we are neither male nor female in the social sense. Almost immediately — as soon as those pink or blue booties go on — we come under the influence of society, which gradually molds us into men and women. In all societies, the expectations placed on men and women differ, usually based on our different roles in reproduction, but often involving many details that are purely traditional. In our society today, we still have many remnants of these traditional expectations. Women are still expected to be more nurturant and less aggressive; men are still expected to be strong and to ignore the emotional side of life. But Jung felt these expectations meant that we had developed only half of our potential. The anima is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men, and the animus is the male aspect present in the collective unconscious of women. Together, they are referred to as syzygy. The anima may be personified as a young girl, very spontaneous and intuitive, or as a witch, or as the earth mother. It is likely to be associated with deep emotionality and the force of life itself. The animus may be personified as a wise old man, a sorcerer, or often a number of males, and tends to be logical, often rationalistic, and even argumentative. The anima or animus is the archetype through which you communicate with the collective unconscious generally, and it is important to get into touch with it. It is also the archetype that is responsible for much of our love life: We are, as an ancient Greek myth suggests, always looking for our other alf, the half that the Gods took from us, in members of the opposite sex. When we fall in love at first sight, then we have found someone that â€Å"fills† our anima or animus archetype particularly well! Other archetypes Jung said that there is no fixed number of archetypes that we could simply list and memorize. They overlap and easily melt into each other as needed, and their logic is not the usual kind. But here are some he mentions: Beside s mother, their are other family archetypes. Obviously, there is father, who is often symbolized by a guide or an authority figure. There is also the archetype family, which represents the idea of blood relationship and ties that run deeper than those based on conscious reasons. There is also the child, represented in mythology and art by children, infants most especially, as well as other small creatures. The Christ child celebrated at Christmas is a manifestation of the child archetype, and represents the future, becoming, rebirth, and salvation. Curiously, Christmas falls during the winter solstice, which in northern primitive cultures also represents the future and rebirth. People used to light bonfires and perform ceremonies to encourage the sun’s return to them. The child archetype often blends with other archetypes to form the child-god, or the child-hero. Many archetypes are story characters. The hero is one of the main ones. He is the mana personality and the defeater of evil dragons. Basically, he represents the ego — we do tend to identify with the hero of the story — and is often engaged in fighting the shadow, in the form of dragons and other monsters. The hero is, however, often dumb as a post. He is, after all, ignorant of the ways of the collective unconscious. Luke Skywalker, in the Star Wars films, is the perfect example of a hero. The hero is often out to rescue the maiden. She represents purity, innocence, and, in all likelihood, naivete. In the beginning of the Star Wars story, Princess Leia is the maiden. But, as the story progresses, she becomes the anima, discovering the powers of the force — the collective unconscious — and becoming an equal partner with Luke, who turns out to be her brother. The wise old man guides the hero. He is a form of the animus, and reveals to the hero the nature of the collective unconscious. In Star Wars, he is played by Obi Wan Kenobi and, later, Yoda. Notice that they teach Luke about the force and, as Luke matures, they die and become a part of him. You might be curious as to the archetype represented by Darth Vader, the â€Å"dark father. † He is the shadow and the master of the dark side of the force. He also turns out to be Luke and Leia’s father. When he dies, he becomes one of the wise old men. There is also an animal archetype, representing humanity’s relationships with the animal world. The hero’s faithful horse would be an example. Snakes are often symbolic of the animal archetype, and are thought to be particularly wise. Animals, after all, are more in touch with their natures than we are. Perhaps loyal little robots and reliable old spaceships — the Falcon– are also symbols of animal. And there is the trickster, often represented by a clown or a magician. The trickster’s role is to hamper the hero’s progress and to generally make trouble. In Norse mythology, many of the gods’ adventures originate in some trick or another played on their majesties by the half-god Loki. There are other archetypes that are a little more difficult to talk about. One is the original man, represented in western religion by Adam. Another is the God archetype, representing our need to comprehend the universe, to give a meaning to all that happens, to see it all as having some purpose and direction. The hermaphrodite, both male and female, represents the union of opposites, an important idea in Jung’s theory. In some religious art, Jesus is presented as a rather feminine man. Likewise, in China, the character Kuan Yin began as a male saint (the bodhisattva Avalokiteshwara), but was portrayed in such a feminine manner that he is more often thought of as the female goddess of compassion! The most important archetype of all is the self. The self is the ultimate unity of the personality and is symbolized by the circle, the cross, and the mandala figures that Jung was fond of painting. A mandala is a drawing that is used in meditation because it tends to draw your focus back to the center, and it can be as simple as a geometric figure or as complicated as a stained glass window. The personifications that best represent self are Christ and Buddha, two people who many believe achieved perfection. But Jung felt that perfection of the personality is only truly achieved in death. How to cite Carl Jung Theory, Papers

Importance of Hotel industry Management-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Provide a brief background on the chosen Hotel Organisation and each of the two chosen brands. 2.Explain the differences between the responsibilities of the Rooms Division department in luxury and budget brands. 3.Outline the Front Office operations executed at luxury hotels that differentiate these properties from budget hotels. Be sure to consider preparation for guest arrivals, welcoming guests, check-in process, level of service, departure and post departure processes. 4.Explain three different channels and tools that hotel properties use to Communicate across departments and discuss how each tool contributes to efficient operations and Customer satisfaction. 5.Identify the target Markets for each of the chosen brands and the differing needs and expectations of these Customers. 6.Discuss current strategie seach brand uses to provid equality customer service to their target Market and propose two additional strategies that each of the brands could implement to increase guest satisfaction. Answers: Introduction Hotel industry is one of the most important sectors in modern days (Benavides-Velasco, Quintana-Garca Marchante-Lara, 2014). People travel from hotel to hotel for a variety of reasons requiring for different facilities and luxury that meet their needs as well as are budget-friendly. In current days, numerous hotel organizations have diversified portfolio to target specific customer market. They have developed varieties of structures and operations that align to every brands purpose and that clearly signify the difference between each brand. However, the front desk department and the room division department of the hotel play a vital role in the success of each hotel and its operations. The quality of service and the guest satisfaction as well differs according to the efficiency of these two. This report will shed light on the various activities and role of the front desk and the room division departments. Further, it will elaborate on the services that differentiate a luxury brand a nd a budget brand. 1.Background of AccorHotels and their brands AccorHotels was established in the year 1967 by Gerard Pelisson and Dubrule. It was the time when no one in France believed the in the hotel business model. By their creativity and effectiveness, they both pushed the boundaries ever further and the result is unknown to none. AccorHotels is their dream of hospitality and it is interesting to pay proper attention to how AccorHotels has so successfully emerged over the years. They have 4,200 hotels in 95 different countries with about 2, 50,000 hospitality experts of AccorHotels who shares the same passion and take care of billions of guests internationally. They have a list of over 20 brands to meet the desires of their guest, ranging from the luxury like Raffles and Banyan Tree to economy like Ibis, Mama and Novotel. If someone goes through its official website, it is clearly mentioned in a section under the AccorHotels Overview that they consider their guests as unique and that they promise to meet their demands. Accor hotels are one of the most popular hotels in the list of hotel industry. It offers the largest brand portfolio encompassing globally acclaimed luxury to popular mid-scale and budget brands in inspiring and renowned resorts (Kimes Ho, 2017). Raffles is one of the best luxury brands of AccorHotels. It is a very charming, elegant, classy, and graceful colonial-style luxury hotels (Cheer Reeves, 2015) and resorts. It is true example of worldly elegance, style and hospitality. It was name afterSir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British Statesman. Every Raffles hotel offers its guests warm and careful service and delivers emotional luxury to the well-travelled guests. It has started its legendary service since 1887 and has still focused on continuing the same. The suits and apartments of the Raffles hotel have all the elegance and charm to provide its guest. Right from corporate and social meetings to spa journeys and social events, Raffles offer a real choice and it inspire a person t o discover more and more and fuel his curiosity. They also provide private residences to various places like at Praslin in Seychelles, Jakarta and Makati in Philippines. They serve as a private home where one can return to time after time. Apart from theses, numerous hotels like the Raffles Singapore, Raffles Istanbul, Raffles Hainan, Raffles Dubai and Raffles Makkah Palace that are considered as the best place to meet. These are the essential stoppage for the travelers for business, events and social galas. Whether it is a board meeting, or a car launch, a team building game at the beach or a striking gala dinner at a historic temple ruin, each element of a meeting and event is carefully considered at Raffles. The lotus flower is the focal inspiration of the Raffles Spa philosophy. The daily transformation of the flower is a symbol of natural strength and revitalization. The most luxurious Raffles Spa destinations are in Raffles Dubai, Raffles Makkah Palace, Raffles Singapore, Raff les Grand Hotel D'Angkor, Siem Reap, Raffles Hotel Le Royal, Phnom Penh and Spa My Blend by Clarins,Le Royal Monceau, Raffles Paris. Ibis budget is the budget brand under AccorHotels. It is for those who love awesome service in awesome rates. These are the smartest, casual, contemporary and friendly hotels. They offer great service at a dream price. The cotemporary rooms are for two to three people with comfortable beddings, XL showers, Comfortable beddings and breakfast buffet. These are for those guests who desire to get the most of their money (Fidlschuster, Mayer Linder, 2017). It is the number one brand in the budget segment in Europe. There are 572 ibis budget hotels in the network around 18 countries. 2.Key features of Ibis budget and Raffles Ibis budget Raffles New design and revamped public spaces by Atelier Archangel: It creates a friendly designed atmosphere and is highly comfortable, stylish and contemporary. Raffles Butler Service: Raffles Butler services are the living personification of the Raffles heritage of signifying service. It takes care of every detail so that their guests have the freedom to unearth local culture and the freedom to space to be themselves. Nest Room by ibis budget: It provides a great comfort and it combines with ultimate bedding comfort, connectivity and modernity. Raffles Signature Bars: The Long Bars in the Raffles are lively and joyful places. They are the destinations where the locals as well the tourists socialize, where conversation flows and where people goes to experience the city life and its soul. There are also writer bars is an oasis of tranquility in the Raffles Hotel, where guests goes to relax and unwind. All-you-can-eat breakfast buffet: Ibis provide its guests with qualitative and healthy products, complied with local specialties. Raffles Spa: The lotus flower, which transforms daily, is a symbol of natural strength and revitalization. Sweet Bed: One can experience the best sleeping experience in the ibis hotels in terms of design, technology, product and price. Raffles Patisserie.: These places are appreciated by the people who loves treasures. The sweet pastries are like gems that are discovered and cherished by the people. 3.Difference between the two brands Hotel Raffles Hotel Ibis Rooms Urban; Resort Style Average number of rooms- 100-200; 60-100 villas Average size of the rooms(in sqm)- 60+; 90 Total Gross floor area- 130-150; 170-210 Urban Style Average number of rooms- 100+ Average size of the rooms (in sqm)- 12.5-13.5 Total Gross floor area- 22-25 Segment High-end Luxury Low-cost Food and Beverages 2 Restaurants Specialty restaurant 1 Long bar (urban only) 1 Writers bar Raffles Patisserie No restaurant But breakfast room and vending machine are available No bar Well-Being Raffles Spa Luxury fitness centre Swimming pool No fitness centre No swimming pool No spa Meetings, Events Others Meeting rooms Raffles library Ballroom Business centre No Meeting room 4.Role of the room division department The room division department plays a very important role in the working process of a hotel. It is the first department that contacts with the guests and contribute to profit and the whole revenue. It consists of three major segments- the front office, housekeeping and the uniformed services. The front office is one of the many departments of the hotel business that directly communicates with the guests when they first arrive at the hotel (Ahmad Scott, 2014). They are very visible to the guests. They receive the guests, handles the transactions and requests and they strike the primary impression about the hotel in their minds (W.ONeill McGinley, 2014). Their role is to ensure guest satisfaction, sell their service, creating guest database, coordinating guest service, handling guest accounts and handling in-house communication. It is the duty of the front office staff to communicate with the other staffs of the hotel departments. Their internal communication relies on the PBX (Private Branch Exchange) and IP-PBX (Internet Protocol Private Branch) system. The housekeeping department is in charge of various functions within the hotel. The laundry services, the room cleaning services, the room inspection services, are all provide by the housekeeping department of the hotel. The uniformed services of consist of doorpersons, valet, bell-staff and concierge. They handle the guests baggage at the time of their arrival and departure. The valet representatives park their vehicles and the concierge is expeditor or facilitator. 5.Relationship between front office and other departments With house-keeping- The front office communicates with the housekeeping departments about room status and about the availability of ready and clean room. They communicate on the every detail of potential house count, security concerns, toiletry items and requests for amenities. The official reporting of all the rooms at the end of the day is achieved with a housekeepers room report. Food and beverage department- The front office department and the food and beverages department communicate with each other regarding the information on transfers, estimate of thenumber of guests that is expected to register, and the processing requests for paid-outs. Banquet department- The front office communicate with the banquet department in order take a note on the daily posting of events, preparation of the marquee, and for paying the bills for the events as well. In case if the banquet manager is unable to present the bill for the event, the front desk department should be given clear information about the rental charges, food and beverages services and the like. 6.Front office operations of Raffles and Ibis budget At both the brand hotels of Accor, the guests are treated with great care. However, there is a slight difference between the two when it comes to guest arrivals, check-in process, level of service and departure service. Guest arrivals Check-in and Checkout processes: At Raffles, the guests are at first invited to take their seat and are offered a complimentary glass of welcome drink with wine or a cup of coffee. When they are done with the process of sipping and signing in, the host escorts them further to the guestroom. Earlier, the standard check in time at hotel Raffles was 3:00 pm and the checkout timing was 12 noon but it is no longer prevailing. It is now changed to 24-hour check in/checkout. Ibis has recently approached to mobile technology for the check-in processes, housekeeping and interaction. It says that this has made room for fast online check in and checkout process. Level of services- There is quite difference in the level of services that they provide to their guest. Raffles, being a luxury brand, makes sure that their guests are getting all the things that the desire. Right from high quality food and beverages to revitalizing and relaxing spa services, Raffles provides its guests with the best service. The majority of the services that it provides are listed briefly in the above. However, in addition to these, it provides their guests with a certificate to drive luxury cars like Lamborghini and Ferrari. With the same, for the guests who likes fine dining, the hotel provides an all-day tour of different places. The guests who like fishing are provided with eco-friendly fishing trip. The reputation performance score (RPS) of Raffles is 92% and it has been concluded from the recent survey that 78% of guests in the world will recommend a hotel from Raffles brand. It is the worlds third most popular luxury hotel brands by AccorHotels. The ibis fail s to provide such services but it too provides awesome services like the all-you-can-eat buffet breakfast, nest rooms in extremely affordable prices, and is now the number one brand in the low-cost segment in Europe. Departure and post departure processes- At the time of guest departure, the accounting system of both the hotels ensures the total payments for the goods and services that are provided to them. In case, if the bill is incompletely paid by tem, the balance is transferred to the non-guest records from guest records. During guest departure, the staff thanks all the guests for their arrival and for giving them the opportunity to serve them and they do the arrangement for handling luggage. In addition to that, if the guest needs any sort of drop facilities, the front office desk fulfills it. Conclusion From the above analysis, it could be stated that the front office operations plays a very significant role behind the reputation of a hotel organization. Right from receiving the guest to attending them at the time of their departure, the front office and the room division departments, everything is in their hand. The iconic hotels of the Accor group serve its best to meet customer-satisfaction. However, there are few differences in services offered by the different brands but none is inferior to other in any terms. They are worth their value of money References Ahmad, R., Scott, N. (2014). Managing the front office department: Staffing issues in Malaysian hotels.Anatolia,25(1), 24-38. Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Quintana-Garca, C., Marchante-Lara, M. (2014). Total quality management, corporate social responsibility and performance in the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, 77-87. Cheer, J. M., Reeves, K. J. (2015). Colonial heritage and tourism: ethnic landscape perspectives.Journal of Heritage Tourism,10(2), 151-166. Fidlschuster, M., Mayer, C., Linder, P. (2017). Hotel Market Germany. InUnderstanding German Real Estate Markets(pp. 403-422). Springer International Publishing. Kimes, S. E., Ho, J. (2017). Revenue management in luxury hotels.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 1-5

Economics Make the World Go Round Essay Example

Economics Make the World Go Round Essay [pic] [pic] [pic] Money Makes the World Go Round By, Chris Jarrett 4-11-11 Period 3 Money makes the world go round. If you know how to deal with money, you’re probably better off than someone who doesn’t. There are three significantly influential economists that helped change the way we look and think about money and the economy; Adam Smith, John Keynes, and David Ricardo. These men all came up with economical theories that we still study today, including the Invisible Hand, Government Intervention, Theory of Rent, and various others. Adam Smith who lived in Scotland during the 1700s thought of many different economical theories. One of them was the Invisible Hand. The Invisible Hand theory boils down to saying that the economy will adjust to the needs of buyers and sellers over time. â€Å"The theory of the Invisible Hand states that if each consumer is allowed to choose freely what to buy and each producer is allowed to choose freely what to sell and how to produce it, the market will settle on a product distribution and prices that are beneficial to all the individual members of a community, and hence to the community as a whole. (Wikipedia). Adam Smith didn’t agree with government intervention. He thought that the government should not be involved in the economy system and that people should fend for themselves, kind of like they do today in Hong Kong. Adam Smith’s idea of self interest states that â€Å"in the act of observing others makes people aware of themselves and the morality of their o wn behavior. † (Wikipedia). In other words, that means that when people study and look at other people’s choices and actions, they are able to become more aware of themselves and make better choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Make the World Go Round specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Make the World Go Round specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Make the World Go Round specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All in all, Adam Smith was an economist that had great ideas that are still being talked about today. Another recognisible economist is John Keynes. While Adam Smith was against government intervention. Keynes was for it. He explains that without government intervention, the economy would stay trapped with low emloyment. In a way, Keynes is correct because the government helps provide many things that are much needed. The government employs all of the city workers such as teachers, firemen, policemen, anad politicians. The government also helps some large companies from going bankrupt by providing money for them to keep operating. Keynes also explains that the government can help reduce unemployment levels by creating more jobs. To summarize, John Keynes was an econimist who mainly thought the government should interven when needed. A final inportant economist is David Ricardo. Ricardo had a lot of ideas about trade and international trade. He believed that trade could not hurt an economy, but only benefit it. He says that there should be no restrictions on trade, that people should just leave it to compitition. Ricardo also came up with an idea about rent. He states that rent is the difference between the produce obtained by the employment of two equal quantities of capital and labour. (Wikipedia). This basically means that when there are multiple properties, rent will be charge on the more expensive ones, rather than the cheaper ones. In a word, Ricardo was an exception economist that had many ideas about trade and rent. Out of all these economists, the one that I would agree with the most would have to be John Keynes. His ideas about government intervention are reasonable and practible. I believe that the governmen t is here to help us, especially in complicated areas such as the ecomony. The government should help companies that are about to go bankrupt because they’re not just helping the company, but theyt are helping the workers. I think that all schools should be taught about all three of these economists, but mainly about John Keynes. Money is everywhere. Everything you use, eat, or touch was bought with someone’s hard earned money. In today’s tough economy, it is important to learn and study how money and economics work. That is exactly what Adam Smith, John Keynes, and David Ricardo did hundreds of years ago when they came up with their theories, and that is exactly what economisists are doing today. Bibliography Wikipedia. Web. 10 Apr. 2011. .

Product Life Cycle- McDonalds Essays

Product Life Cycle- McDonalds Essays Product Life Cycle- McDonalds Essay Product Life Cycle- McDonalds Essay Name: Class: Instructor: Date: Product Life Cycle- McDonalds McDonalds is one of the mostly recognized and best-known brands worldwide. It is the world’s largest hamburger and fast foods chain of restaurants. The food store has a customer base of about fifty million customers daily. Its business plan is structured in a way that a branch might be owned by the corporation, an affiliate or a franchisee. The company deals in cheeseburgers, chicken products, hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, desserts and shakes. The company has grown considerably over the years since it has opened branches in several states across America. The company is also found in 119 countries around the world. The company earns its revenues by investing in properties and franchising together with operating of restaurants. The company is in the market maturity stage of the product life cycle. In this stage, the strong growth in sales by the company is diminishing. At this stage of the product life cycle the competition may appear with similar products like Burger King is doing to McDonalds. The primary objective that a company should focus on when at this stage of the product life cycle is to defend its market share and try to maximize it profits. At this stage also, the features of its products might be enhanced or the company might try to implement other products in order to create a stiff competition for its competitors (Sparks 12). For instance, the company has introduced a new type of food called a salad that targets its health-minded customers. The pricing of the foodstuffs have also been revised lower to fight the competition. The distribution plan of the company has also been revised to become more intensive and with increased incentives to encourage customers to choose McDonalds over its competitors. All these characteristics are of a company in the maturity stage and so is the McDonald’s company. Among the three positioning strategies, McDonalds uses the breakaway positioning strategy. This strategy is where the product escapes from its original category and deliberately associates itself with another product. The marketers of the product change the category in which the products are consumed and the competitors with whom they compete with (Youngme 89). The strategy selection that McDonalds has chosen is indeed fit for the company since it deals with products. Since products are tangible and due to the constant exposure the consumers learn how to easily encounter and experience new features while the products still evolve. The consumers have a welcoming feel to the new product options. However, this only occurs where the product is mature in the market and only where the purchasing of the item is routine and mundane. This is indeed how the McDonalds products are structured since their customers buy them regularly and is a sort of a routine exercise for them. The continued extending of the brands gives diversity to the products which is what the consumers seek and what might keep them faithful to the brand but however, if the product keeps on increasing in diversity, the ignition of passionate buying that the breakaway system ignites are reduced (Sparks 14). Breakaway positioning makes it easy for customers and consumers to make judgments of familiar products and increases their desire for uniqueness. The type of positioning also fends off competition by limiting the efforts of copycats. Companies mostly dealing with products should acquire the breakaway positioning strategy by trying to combine the unique features found in their products in all categories. This can make the company actually develop a maturity for their product and make it grow further. Companies should also remember that their distribution channels, their promotions, the design of their product and their product pricing determine greatly what category the product shall fall in, in the market. Youngme, Moon. â€Å"Break Free From The Product Life Cycle†. Harvard Business Review (2005): 87-94. Print. Sparks, John. â€Å"Different Ways to Think about Products†. MKT 301 Web Notes: Products and Brands. (n.d.). Print.

Conceptual models used in mental health nursing when interviewing Essay

Conceptual models used in mental health nursing when interviewing client , nurse and doctor - Essay Example f the interviews should explore the nature of the service users crisis; the assumed cause(s) of the service users crisis and ‘what the respondents believe needs to be done’ about the service user’s crisis. You have been provided with this workbook in which to document the information that you gather from all three interviews. Please write down the questions that you asked and the responses that were given. This information will then be summarised and presented to a group of peers and an assessor in your PBL 1 assessment The service user in his own opinion believes that he suffers from some sort of depression. He claims that his problems at the moment were that he was suffering from anxiety and in the morning panic attack. He believes that this response was because he is worried about his father ie if dad pass away who is going to take care of me. when asked if he did have any auditory hallucination he went on to say that he did here voices but did not want to talk more about it. I started with the humanistic approach so as to make the client at ease and for him to be able to express himself more. I then went onto the medical model to try to figure out what he was suffering. Some data from the interview give evidence service user has p[sychotic symptoms, e.g. auditory hallucinations. There is acknowledged that patients with mental disorders are not able to percept their condition critically and usually underestimate the severity of disease. This patient believes he has depressive state thus he is ready to perceive the model of â€Å"sick person† and wish to regain his health. There is known that psychotic symptoms in schisophrenia could be related to dopaminergic hyperactivity in the brain structures. Thus medical interventions based on the use of antidopaminergic drugs (e.g. Ziprasidone (Geodon), Quetiapine (Seroquel) could be effective in the disease management. It seems that the psychotic symptoms reported by the client have the endogenic origin, i .e.

Arabic Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Arabic Culture - Essay Example This paper is a discussion comparing the influence Arab and American TV programming have on shaping cultural practices of these two groups. One of the main issues which TV in programs, in Arab world, focuses on is the conservative dressing code, while in America, is dressing fashionably. Women who feature on TV in the Arab world in most cases put on veils, which cover their whole body and some parts of the head. The women in Arab world in turn, are influenced to continue on with the conventional mode of dressing. Contrary to the Arab world, women who feature in TV programs, in America, embrace the culture of dressing according to the current fashion. This translates on to the society in that women copy the latest mode of dressing they watched on TV. TV programs have great influence on fashion cultural trend while in Arab world TV programs does not influence fashion because of its conservative nature (Monaco 15). The other issue that can be compared in TV in the Arab world and America is the portrayal of freedom. It is evident that a lot of TV programs in America portray satire, irony, and at the same time, the themes are against government policies. People watching TV in America enjoy the sense of mental and intellectual freedom; this is because they are able to watch many programs that are the critic of the government without being victimized by the government. Watching programs that are satirical to the government in America have made people mentally free, and that is why there is democracy in America. However, people watching TV programs in most countries of the Arab world are not mentally free due to governments’ control most of the content to be watched. Satirical programs, which can instill mental freedom to individuals and address the ill nature of the governments, are limited to the Arab world. This fact has seen to it that people living in the Arab are under the

Sam 488 unit 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sam 488 unit 6 - Assignment Example There are several individuals who have key roles in emergency operation plan and they include the public relations officers as whose work is to handle the flow of information about the incident as well as the chief security officer in charge of warning systems and maintaining order in the operation. Communications to the responders and media is necessary to not only avoid speculations and distortions but to provide warning systems to the public. There are several individuals who have key roles in emergency operation plan and they include the public relations officers as whose work is to handle the flow of information about the incident as well as the chief security officer in charge of warning systems and maintaining order in the operation (Fay, 2011). Evacuation is the process of moving people from one location to another in the evidence of a disaster before or after searching the place. This is common during emergencies involving bombs. People are given the evacuation notice and then assembled on one location in order to be evacuated in a given order to safety. This procedure is carried out by various emergency responders trained to handle the matter (Fay, 2011). This is the mock evaluation carried out during emergency response training. The drills include steps and procedures to take during three stages of evacuation which are pre-evacuation, evacuation and post-evacuation. The drill involves emergency operation plans such as searching the premises, the houses of people, sending evacuation notices, identification of safe locations and later on after the threat has passed relocation of people. This step in the emergency operation takes place after an incident such as a bomb or earthquake has taken place. The search is for the survivors or even those who have suffered demise under the disaster. Rescue takes place in the order of those who can be rescued easily to harder and more challenging cases. This procedure has time

Project Report On Petroleum Industry Commerce Essay

Project Report On Petroleum Industry Commerce Essay The MBA programmed provides student with a fundamental knowledge of business and organizational functions and activities as well as an exposure to strategic thinking of management. As a part of the curriculum we have prepared a comprehensive project report on petroleum industry. The theoretical knowledge is used only when are apply in our practical study. This report contains a brief about the petroleum industry playing a vital role in the growth of Indian economy. The whole project was accomplished in very systematic manner starting from collection of information through visiting various websites, books, magazines etc and than analyses it in a proper and suitable way. This report aims to provide information regarding the current position of petroleum industry in India. Its growth, challenges and issues in highly competitive market by adopting liberalization and globalization polices which are affecting the Indian economy particularly in petroleum sector. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank all the people who have helped us for making this project possible. Firstly we would like to appreciate the tradition of our institute, J.H.P.C.M.T which encourages such activities. We would also like to thank Dr. M.R.Parekh director of J.H.PATEL COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY for providing help whenever required. We grateful acknowledgments the value guidance and useful suggestion offered by our faculty guide Miss Jenita Patel. Finally we also thankful all our friends to helped us directly and indirectly in our project. We have also devoted with our best possible effort to complete the project. Declaration We Thakkar Nikita, Makwana Snehal hereby declare that the COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT entitled Petroleum Industry in is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged. Place: (Signature) Date: (Name of Student) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project titled as Petroleum Industry has been undertaken with an objective of analyzing the economic growth in the india market its role for the development of the country. It represents Indias energy needs and is the most valuable public as well as private enterprise. As a collective result of private sector and public sector refinery investments in the recentpast, India will become known by 2012 as Asias largest refined product exporter, surpassing Singapore. India will stay one of Asias two largest refined product exporters for the anticipated future. India is suddenly become a global petroleum producing center because of having increasing the depth of product flows and strengthening supply chains especially clean transport fuels and for high-end industrial product. It also have far-reaching implications for regional product markets. The business of Indias large scale export oriented refining sector marks the increase of rate of a basic shift in the design of global refining in which growing economies increasingly look to production hubs in Asia and the Middle East to supply incremental refined product demand. Growth and Evolution of Petroleum Industry in India The petroleum industry is include the global processes of extraction, exploration, refining, transporting (often by pipelines and oil tankers), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are gasoline (petrol) and fuel oil. Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many chemical products, including solvents, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fertilizers, and plastics. The origin of the Indian oil gas industry can be traced back to the late 19th century, when oil was first struck at Digboi in Assam in 1889.In view of the significance of the gas oil sector for overall economic growth, the Government of India announced in1954 that petroleum would be the core sector industry. 1954, petroleum exploration production activity was controlled by the government-owned National Oil Companies (NOCs), namely Oil India Private Ltd (OIL) and Oil Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).Indias refining capacity has more than trebled in the last 13 years. Reliance Industry is the first refinery industry in Jamnagar in 1999, India has an installed capacity of around 193.5 million tpa in April, 2011. The growth is likely to continue with refining capacities expected to touch 255 million tpa by 2012-13 and 302 million tpa by 2017-18, with a slew of projects announced by both the private and public sector. Today, private sector accounts for 76.5 million tpa (around 39.5 per cent) and public sector oil companies account for close to 117 million tpa (around 60.5 per cent). There has been a healthy growth in Indias petroleum refining capacity in the last five years, is as described by the given table below:- Domestic crude oil production [million tpa] 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (Provisional) Total consumption 113.2 120.7 128.9 133.6 138.2 Products from indigenous crude 26.6 28.4 28.2 27.0 27.2 Indigenous crude processing 28.3 30.2 30.0 28.8 28.9 Products from fractionators 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 Total indigenous production 30.8 32.4 32.3 31.2 31.6 Import dependence (%) 72.8 73.2 75.0 76.7 77.2 Self-sufficiency (%) 27.2 27.0 25.0 23.3 22.8 The capacity utilization of Indian refiners for the last few years is described in the table. Indian refiners have also operated at higher operating rates or capacity utilization compared to their regional/global peers implying efficiency in operations. But, import of Indias refining industry is growing, as the domestic crude oil production is stable at around 30 million tpa for the last few years. Generally, GDP growth rates and petroleum product consumption are linked. But, in our case, factors like availability of better roads, more fuel efficient vehicles, improvements in mass urban transport modes and increased availability of natural gas for industrial sector contributed to more moderate growth in recent times. Indian refineries are clocking higher Gross Refining Margins compared to regional benchmarks a clear sign for competitiveness in refining operations. If all the planned projects materialize, India will have an exportable surplus petroleum product of around 100 million tpa by 2012 and 140 million. Product profile This section provides a brief description of the technology and production process. An understanding of these issues is critical as it helps understand industry structure. Crude oil is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons chemical compounds consisting roughly of six parts of carbon and one of hydrogen, both of which are fuels; it generally also carries small quantities of salts sulphur, oxygen, metals and nitrogen. The principal products obtained from the crude oil are:- Petrol:- Petrol is used to fuel internal combustion engines, mainly vehicular. It is early use as a killer of lice and their eggs has completely disappeared. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG):- LPG is mostly a combination of propane and butane. It is heavier than air, and liquefies under pressure. It is used as a household cooking fuel, vehicular fuel and refrigerant; 4 million vehicles are estimated to be powered by LPG in the world. Kerosene:- Kerosene is also known as paraffin, is used as an illuminant and cooking fuel in India and other poor countries, and as a space heating fuel in industrial countries. Jet fuel:- It is used in jet planes, is closely akin to kerosene. Naphtha:- Naphtha is used to make additives for high-octane petrol, and to make polymeric plastics and urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer. Lubricating oil:- It is consists of greases and viscous oils used to lubricate moving parts in automobiles, industry, railway engines and carriages and marine engines. Petroleum coke:- It is mostly used as fuel, but is also used to make dry cell batteries and electrodes. High-speed diesel oil:- It is used in engines running at 750 revolutions per minute (rpm) or more. It is mostly used in diesel-powered vehicles. Light diesel:- It is used in the diesel engines running at lower speed mainly irrigation pumps and generation sets. Furnace oil:- It is made by diluting residual fuel oil from refining with middle distillates such as diesel oil. It is used in bunkers, boilers, furnaces, heaters, or as fertilizer feedstock. Demand determination of the Industry Petroleum industry in the country has undergone major transformation in the past several years. The country is now net exporter of petroleum products. Globalization of Indian economy along with high international oil prices which are a pass-through in the bulk sector has induced improvement in energy efficiency and shift of demand from liquid to natural gas (LNG). Further, improvement in road infrastructure and better vehicles has had a sobering effect on the demand for road transportation fuels. Low demand in transport fuels like HSD and MS is also due to factors like expansion of city gas distribution networks i.e. CNG. Demand determination factors:- The Demand determination factors are based on mainly two approaches. Top-down Approach and Bottom-up Approach. Top-down Approach: Overall energy requirements with share of different fuels in the primary commercial energy basket by linking GDP with energy elasticity. Bottom-up Approach: End use approach considering the impact of different parameters. While assessing the requirements factors like impact of Metro rail, CNG expansion, impact of high oil prices, conservation/efficiency improvement issues, aviation policy of the Government, Railways freight policy, growth of passenger and cargo traffic, fleet expansion plan of airlines, National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) road construction projects, construction of freight corridor, electrification plans of railway tracks vehicle population growth, impact of gas, technological improvements in engine designs, improved fuel efficiency, impact of auto LPG etc. have been measured. The demand of gas is continues to be influenced by the cost economics vis-à  -vis alternative fuels pertaining to each of the end use sectors in India. The power and fertilizer is also the dynamics of these sectors. Currently the consumption of natural gas is shared by the fertilizer and power sector to the tune of 29% and 40% respectively. The power sector is one of the continuous major consumer of natural gas. There has set target of 70,000 generation s forecasted by he ministry of power for the next 5 year period ending 2012. The industry like Petrochemicals/Refineries and Internal Consumption sectors are estimates that the annual economic growth rate of about 7%. Similarly, the iron/steel sector is also estimates same rate for economic growth. Currently the demand for petroleum product is 131.8 MMT in 2011-12 which will increased by 160.2 in 2016-17. The demand for petroleum product is also depend on the availability of the different products like petrol diesel kerosene naphtha etc. Their prices are the main factor of determining demand of these products. The petroleum refineries must considered the price parity and export parity which considered the change in price of petroleum products which depend on the past experience. Players in the Industry The various competitors are available in the petroleum industry which including the government and private sector. most of the petroleum companies are huge operations and with billion dollar balance sheet. The oil and gas production and distribution is dominated by government owned companies which are heavily regulated excepting for Reliance Industries. After liberalizing the operations of the companies like Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd (HPCL) and Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd (BPCL) run billions of   dollars in losses as they are forced to sell petroleum products at below their cost. The polices of government are mostly informal compensating these companies through money transfers and bonds. some government companies like OIL India, ONGC and GAIL which operates in the production and have to bear less of the subsidy burden have grown and performed very well. In the private sector companies like Aban Great Offshore, Essar and Reliance have managed to grow rapidly as well with changeable degrees of success. Here is the list of the major petroleum Companies in India:- Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL):- The IOCL covers the whole hydrocarbon value chain from, pipeline transportation, marketing of petroleum products to exploration production of crude oil gas, marketing of natural gas, petrochemicals and refining. The sales turn over of Indian oil was Rs 271,074 corer and profits of Rs. 10,221 corer in 2009-10. Indian oils cross-country network of crude oil and product pipelines across 10,899 km and the largest in the country, meets the crucial energy needs of the consumers in an economical, environment and efficient manner. GAIL India:- GAIL (India) Limited, is Indias Natural Gas company, integrating all aspects of the Natural Gas value chain right from discovery to marketing. It emphasizes on clean fuel industrialization, creating a square of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centers with major gas fields in India. GAIL is growing its business to become a player in the International market. The companys revenue earned in 2009-10 was Rs 24,000 corer with net profit of 11%. It is a well managed fast growing company with high competitive barriers in India. Reliance  Industries:- It is Indias largest private petroleum company. The company achieving the remarkable growth in the last decade and is diversifying into Retail. In market top more than $30 billion it is Indias most valued company. It is also highly petroleum exporting company of India. The company is one of the largest oil refining and petrochemical complexes in the world at Jamnagar. Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd (BPCL):- it is the major distribution of petroleum, cooking gas and diesel in the Indian market. The companys revenue of Rs 36,000 corer and net profit of 0.5%. due to the government control The company suffer low margins and terrible stock price performance. Which forces the company to sell the product at below the cost? Even after the liberalization with increased global crude prices increasing the losses very much. The company produces a various range of products, from petrochemicals and solvents to aircraft fuel and specialty lubricants and markets them to several international and domestic airlines and hundreds of industries. Hindustan Petroleum Corp. Ltd (HPCL):- The company operates the largest refinery in the country producing Oils of international standards. This Refinery accounts for 40% of the Indias total Oil production. The company has two major refineries producing a large variety of petroleum fuels specialties. one in Mumbai and the other in Vishakhapatnam. Its huge marketing network consists of its zonal regional offices facilitated by a supply distribution infrastructure comprising terminals, aviation service stations, retail outlets, pipeline networks and LPG distributorships. The companys market share accounts for about 20% and 10% of the nations refining capacity. The company revenue earned was Rs 34,000 corer and net profit margin of 0.65% in 2010. ONGC Corporation:- The company ranks 3rd in petroleum Exploration Production industry. It produces 803 Million Metric Tones of crude and 485 Billion Cubic Meters of Natural Gas from 111 fields. It is the biggest multinational company with 40 oil and gas projects in 15 countries. The company earned Rs. 20,000 corer with net profit margin of 34% in 2010. NGC holds the largest share of hydrocarbon in India contributes over 79% of Indians oil and gas production. Distribution channel of the industry The petroleum distribution segment is rapidly adopting different kinds of supply chain solution. From crude oil selection to petroleum product distribution at the retail outlet it is chain with many links. The refining margins, the lead time associated with fundamental functions like product trading and crude buying unpredictability in oil prices make the entire process challenging. Implementation of these solution on a wide spread installations, however, is what the world is watching, as vast petroleum companies fight to chain the business. The petroleum industry has a vital need for both integration and implementation skills for taking the best value out of the differ distribution channel available. Underground, the gas station is quite modern. The tanks for super unleaded and for regular (the midgrade fuel) are larger than the normal tanks. Each tank is equipped with an electronic level check that conveys real time information about its status through a cable to the stations management system and then to the main inventory management system for the oil company whose products the gas station markets. The travels from the distribution channel push to demand pull is taking place in the section, where once the challenge was in getting the best deals on buying crude, the focus is shifting to give customer what he wants. The petroleum business is separated into refining and distribution segments. The focuses more on the distribution segment. There is a specific change to focus in the industry toward the distribution segment. The big oil companies have started monitoring the inventories of crude oil or any other petroleum products. The issues at the refining level are: which products to make in what quantity? Which crude to use? Which units to run? While the issues at the customer facing end or at the gas station are basic, namely run outs refines. The important functions within the distribution channel are optimization across alternative means of transportation, demand forecasting, replenishment method to avoid retains/run outs finally scheduling, which sequences the dispatch. Marketing and Distribution of Petroleum Products in India:- The public sector oil marketing companies (OMCs) which include Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL), Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) are primarily responsible for the marketing and distribution of petroleum products in India. With the opening of retail sector for the private players, Shell, Essar and Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) have also entered the retail marketing related to petroleum products. The marketing and distribution infrastructure in the petroleum sector include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distributorships, petrol/diesel stations, lubricants and greases outlets IOCL is the market leader in terms of marketing and distribution of petroleum products. Retail outlets in India:- The number of retail outlets (ROs) in India has increased from 31,650 in April 2006 to 40,819 in January 2011. IOCL has the widest network of ROs across India with 19,057 ROs as in January 2011. The number of LPG distributors in India has increased to 9,686 as in 2010 from 6,477 in 20011. Indias Navratna oil marketing companies Indian Oil, BPCL and HPCL- are set to report another quarter of heavy losses as they have failed to get compensation from the government for selling fuels below cost. The three oil marketing companies (OMCs) sell diesel, LPG for domestic use and kerosene through public distribution system at prices that are substantially below their costs, in accordance with the permission of their majority shareholder. In return, a small part of their losses is made good by discounts from upstream like ONGC and Oil India. The larger share of losses is made good by the government. During the June 12 quarter, the three oil marketers together had posted an unique net loss of .Rs40,536 corer as the dues from government did not arrive. The company is expecting most of the demand for Piped natural gas to come from domestic and commercial consumer sector. Limitation on subsidized LPG cylinders is expected to be a boon for its Piped natural gas business. Consumers might come forward to get a Piped natural gas connection as its rates would be economical compared to LPG cylinders. The running cost of Piped natural gas would be about 10 percent less than the cost of LPG. Piped natural gas is safer and more eco-friendly fuel for the user. As oil marketing companies move advance forcefully to decrease their distribution channels for LPG cylinders, the next few months will certainly prove trying for consumers. Currently, oil companies in India are going through a tough task of maintaining positive margins in a very unstable market of crude prices and increasing distribution cost. Oil companies also need to be prepared for active pricing scenarios for the coming future. Hence, the immediate need is to have a complete real time visibility of sales and inventory for perfect demand forecasts. Integration of different systems and different data to provide single consistent view and information to the oil company management thus forming a strong foundation for effective decision making. Key issues and current trends Issues in petroleum industries:- The global economy is a dynamic and ever-growing one in spite of the high cost of energy. This in turn is forging the demand for petrochemicals. The strong growth in demand is not backed by a sufficient supply so the cost is still to come down. Operating rates of major petrochemical product segments are very high presently. Problems faced by the India petrochemical industry:- The manufacturing units mostly use outdated format of technology and are not able to produce optimally There is a requirement for the modernization of equipments Excise duty on synthetic fiber should be rationalized Anticipation of reservation on Small Scale Units Plastic waste to be recycled and the littering habits to be discouraged India requires advantage on feedstock, so the import cost has to be brought down The industry should have access to the primary amenities of infrastructure One of the big issues is the difficulty in predicting the advance price, which will succeed in the market in the future months. Some indications are of course available with the futures prices prevailing in the exchanges. Some companies hedge their margins or crude prices by doing paper trading. The forward price is a vital input in the optimization process and can actually make the model for a particular product maximization based on its price. Current trends in petroleum industry Petroleum has proven to be the most flexible fuel source ever discovered, situated at the core of the modern industrial economy. While the industry is strong, it is subject to some very significant stresses:- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Industry consolidation (24 mergers and acquisitions since 1997) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Global industrial expansion resulting in increased petroleum demand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tight supplies of economically extractable oil à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Political instability and terrorism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ High per-barrel price that accelerates development of alternative energies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Safety and the need to protect workers in hostile environments à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Speed required to establish a presence in new markets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Need to spread infrastructure risk among competitors These stressors are causing oil companies to change the way they do business. From their cooperation with competitors to their massive investments in technology, from a renewed focus on safety and the environment to serious investigation of alternative fuels, these firms are reshaping the industry. How they manage these changes also influences how they view their real estate holdings and how they house the scientists and engineers who play a vital role in this transformation. The challenges oil and gas companies face are having a significant impact on how they view their real estate holdings and what kind of workplaces they provide their employees. These are important issues since many companies in this sector have vast real estate holdings. More and more these companies are managing these holdings from an enterprise-wide perspective, running their facilities like any other part of the business. They are realizing that facilities and furnishings can be a strategic tool for achieving the organizations business goals. That focus has several implications for the workplace. Petroleum includes all petroleum-based products, such as gasoline, oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, refined cleaners, and solvents. Organizations involved in upstream (exploring and extracting) and downstream activities (refining and marketing) for these petroleum products are among some of the most profitable companies in the world. Whether they are involved in upstream or downstream activities, whether they are public corporations or state-owned companies, players in the oil industry must operate within the context of significant issues and major trends that are shaping the long-term outlook for oil. Oil companies public corporations and state and non-state-owned enterprises are faced with increasing demand for petroleum products due to global industrial expansion. On the one hand, labors to get the conservative oil (produced from underground hydrocarbon reservoirs by means of production wells) have prompted oil companies to invest ever more heavily in technology and equipment. On the other, these firms have increased investments in producing unusual oil, including oil sands, shale oil, and extra heavy crude oil, some of which require additional processing to produce artificial crude. To spread the risk of investing in costly technology, equipment, and processes firms are entering into joint-venture relationships designed to spread infrastructure risk among competitors in order for the entire industry to remain healthy. In some cases, firms have required mergers or acquisitions in order to expand resources for highly technical exploration and advanced production. . Other changes on the energy scene, particularly increasing prices for both oil and gas, are prompting several companies to take a broader view of their business. They are transforming themselves through investments in alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, biomass, geothermal energy, and fuel cell technology. The realization that alternative fuels and renewable energy technologies will play an increasingly important role as a bridge between the current focus on hydrocarbons and the clean, cheap promise of hydrogen has prompted many oil companies to invest heavily in these areas. Using technology to boost productivity The technology that oil companies provide their employees is principal perimeter, especially where operational efficiencies can be obtained. Management requires solid standard metrics in order to justify investing in technology. India has steadily established itself in the core of the international production of petrochemical and petrochemical related products in the present state of affairs. With the economic growth cycle slowing down in the United States, the Asian developing nations, especially India, would preferably stand in the global petrochemical market as a producer of these products. This is one of the major challenges facing India petrochemical industry. PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental component of  strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting strategic analysis and gives an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political:- Political factors are degree to government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor   law, law, trade, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also consist of goods and services which the government wants to provide or be provided and those that the government does not want to be provided. Besides, governments have great authority on the health education, and infrastructure of   a nation. Economical:- Economic factors include growth, interest, exchange  and the inflation. These factors have major impacts on how businesses run and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms  cost of  capital and therefore to what degree a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social:- Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health consciousness,  population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. For example, an old population may imply a smaller and less willing workforce (thus increasing the cost of labor). Moreover; companies may change a variety of management strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers). Technological:- Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of  technological change. They can find out  barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. In addition, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental:- Environmental factors include weather, climate. Additionally, increasing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offer it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal:- Legal factors include discrimination, consumer, antitrust, employment law, and health. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. Conclusion Crude oil is one of the most necessitated worldwide required commodities. Any smallest amount fluctuation in crude oil prices can have both direct and indirect pressure on the economy of the countries. The instability of crude oil prices group many companies away. Therefore, prices have been regularly and closely monito

An Analysis of Satans Final Speech in Milton’s Paradise Lost

An Analysis of Satan's Final Speech in Milton’s Paradise Lost Satan's final speech to Eve, 11. 679-732, Book IX, in Milton's Paradise Lost, is a persuasive masterpiece carefully structured to appeal to her ambitious tendencies and to expand her already existing doubts (which Satan has implanted) as to the perfect nature of God. Satan begins by worshipping the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, as Eve will do after she has made her choice. Throughout the remainder of the speech, he attempts to present the tree as an alternative focus of her faith. Satan endeavours to weaken Eve's admiration and fear of God, and to reinforce her faith in herself, or the potential of what she could be if she had the courage to eat of the fruit. Satan's speech is primarily interrogative - - he poses provocative questions, and then provides what he represents as all of the possible answers. Of course, every solution he offers supports her tasting of the tree. By the close of the oration, whether or not we have any Biblical knowledge, it is evident that Eve cannot p ossibly resist the brilliance of Satan's argument. Satan's first words are addressed not to Eve but constitute an exultation of the tree. He speaks of the power it has provided, of the near ecstasy and knowledge that has welled up within him since (allegedly) tasting the fruit. Satan's emphasis on the power that the tree contains is perhaps a shrewd recognition of Eve's feelings of inferiority. He realizes that Eve agonizes over Adam's predominant position, and possibly even resents the supremacy of God Himself. Satan indirectly presents the tree as a means of bridging this gap. Through one simple action, she can instantly assert her independence, as well as acquire the wisdom and ... ...ever been exposed to evil, and cannot recognize it. She is an easy target. Satan introduces ideas that had never occurred to her before in the form of questions in order to latch Eve's mind onto these concepts and to have her mull them over. However, he does not give her much room for independent thought - Satan provides the answers to all of the questions he has posed. Eve is pressured to make a decision as soon as possible, and is not awarded the leisure to work out the fallacies in his argument. She does not have the tools to combat Satan's superior intellect. With Eve's faith in God severely shaken and her hopes raised for the future, her decision to eat of the tree is a foregone conclusion. Works Cited Milton, John. Paradise Lost. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Major Authors. Ed. M. H. Abrams. 6th ed. New York: Norton, 1990. 770-71.

Frontline Digital Nation Essay

In the last half century of watching television many authors, critic, and people in general has had an opinion on weather watching television is a good thing or a bad thing. In a couple of recent articles that I’ve read one Author Steven Johnson, who wrote â€Å"Watching TV Makes You Smarter†. Tells us of how violent and gruesome shows of this era are as opposed to shows of the past. Steven also tells us of how there are some good shows that actually teach people and helps them to learn in a different way. The second article that I recently read was â€Å"Thinking Outside The Idiot Box† by Dana Stevens. Not only is Dana an author she is also a paid television critic who states that TV does not make us any smarter and that television is â€Å"brain-liquefying poison† for all but especially for children. Dana insist that Steven Johnson theory be put to the test by having everyone partake in a National TV Turnoff Week event to see if anyone gets any dumber. In my opinion Television has many different purposes, such as keeping us updated with the news, educating us on different species/creature inside and outside our planet, but the main purpose for television is soley for entertainment. When Television is being debated whether it is good or bad, I think that it should be taking into consideration just as any other subject we talk about when past/present is involved, and that consideration is â€Å"Evolution-Things forever evolving or changing†. Take for insistence the way countries would defend their land. In the 1700s militaries fought with swords, in the  1800s militaries were introduce too and fought with muffle rifles and one shot hand guns in which were probably a headache to deal with considering they could only fire their gun once and 2 step process to reload the guns, in the 1900s militaries fought with rockets, missiles, and nuclear bombs and today militaries have perfected the rockets, missiles, and nuclear bombs. â€Å"Evolution†, just as militaries have evolved over the past centuries so has our everyday life. If you can remember back when you was a adolescence the things that you did and/or cared about then such as playing outside with your friends all the time, getting junk food from the store, or just living a carefree world for the most part. As a teenager those adolescence things become less important to you because you are probably into dating, driving, sports or some other kind of school activity. When we became adults the things that we once knew really do not exist because we have evolved over the past years. So why would television b any different? In 1939 when the Television was first introduced the screen was black and white and had no sound. Over the years television became colorful, sound was added and the screen got bigger. Now televisions are in 3D huge and flat. In shows of today such as 24 and The Sopranos: Steven Johnson states how violent and gruesome the shows are and how the â€Å"Sleeper Curve† alters the mental development of young people today because you have to integrate far more information than you would have a comparable TV show decades ago. Dana Stevens believes that shows such as 24 and The Sopranos are the â€Å" great leap forward in human cognition: multi-threading† Which makes viewers behave like â€Å"rats in a behaviorist maze†. I believe that people are entitled to watch whatever show they please because that’s what television is for â€Å"entertainment† after working a long shift and attending school I like to go home and kick my feet up with the remote and watch Whatever show that I think is appealing to me at the time whether it’s a comedy, drama, horror, western, or sitcom. Steven Johnson also states in his article about shows associated with â€Å"quality† entertainment shows such as Murphy Brown and Frasierand how the intelligence arrives fully formed and the witty things that the actors say to one another to avoid lapsing into a tired sitcom but says that â€Å"You no more challenge mind by watching these intelligent shows than you challenge your body by watching Monday Night Football†. Steven also states how another televised intelligence is on the rise that has cognitive benefits ascribed to reading: attention, patience, and retention the parsing of narrative threads. Dana Stevens says shows such as The Teletubies which is a children program instructs toddlers the basics of vegging out. She also states how shows are â€Å"zapworthy† and watching TV only teaches us to watch more TV. I say of course TV makes you want to watch more TV but that is the same as if you were reading a good book. After finishing the book you want to read the sequels to that book because your attention has been hooked and you want to know how, when, and were it takes you. Television is the same way but more visual. Besides television is a multibillion dollar company made by the viewers and just for the viewers. In conclusion I have written to you about the â€Å"Evolution† of our past and present society as it may be related to the military, our everyday lives over time, or whether it’s Television. In any case as long the world spins then any/everything inside is subject to change and as this world change there will always be debates about that change. Some say and believe that Television makes people act out with what they see on the screen into reality. I am not one of those believers because television has only been around for 74 years so what/who was the blame for all of the violence and corruption before television was introduced? I do however believe that no Should be allowed to or allow their children to watch TV all day, As I stated earlier its main purpose is meant for entertainment.

Ice Fili Essay Example

Ice Fili Essay Example Ice Fili Paper Ice Fili Paper As the case-study indicates, in the aftermath of the 1998 Russian economic crisis, rivalry in the Russian ice cream industry doubled, from 150 in 1998 to 300 companies by 2002. The intense rivalry can be explained by the fact that profit ratio for ice-cream production is about 15 to 20 %, a margin that is considered high by Russian food industry standards (p. 5). In addition, domestic Russian ice cream is one the cheapest In the world to produce and buy, which In part explains the significant rise of highly competitive regional Ice cream producers, who nowadays account for about 30% of the domestic Russian market (p. 1). Foreign companies such as Nestle and Basking Robbins have been able to hire in the Russian ice-cream market by producing, distributing and selling their ice cream products locally through Cafes and Kiosks. Moscow-based producers such as Ice-Fill have mainly focused on sales Kiosks and Supermarkets. Regional producers dominate the rural and more distant areas of Russia, such as Siberia. However, as the piece indicates, they have been attempting to compete in the larger metropolitan areas as well. The key word is open market. For years, Russian ice cream was produced and consumed in a communist regime. To understand that is to know that he population had limited access and flexibility to the Ice cream it consumed. When the dissolution of the Soviet union came It unleashed a large desire for change throughout the entire country. A good analogy to show the environment of the market in Russia after the collapse is the Renaissance Era. The same way the Renaissance was the resurgence of culture throughout Europe, the new market was the resurgence of new ideas, and experiences to Russia. It was a perfect time to introduce new products, more variety of existing products, and an ideal time for international companies to enter the market. However, the financial collapse of 1998 derailed the market significantly. Ben n Jerry left the market, others like Nestle stuck around because of their huge investment. Fast forwarding to the sasss you then saw an emergence of local companies. These local companies were free from the olds restrictions of the Soviet union and were able to function at lower costs. Overall, the market really Is up for the taking for several reasons; 1) the market leader (Ice-fill) has not reached Its potential, slowly but surely it is starting to wake up, but their competitors can take advantage of their lack of urgency; 2) ten International companies seem to De nappy Walt want teen nave Ana although they experiment with new ideas, there isnt any real aggressive strategies for taking over (Nestle has been making bold moves and they might be the first to take Ice-Fill from the top); and 3) the smaller companies are getting their crumbs but not making enough of an impact to significantly impact the market, at least not yet. So Id say, yes this market is attractive, and it is a very good time for Ben n Jerry to come back with full force. 2) Do you expect its attractiveness to change over the ext five years? Yes, I expect the Russian ice cream industry to increase its market share in consumption as long as, among other things, the industry changes its approach to the marketing and selling of ice cream (for more on this, turn to question 3). The case study expresses concerns for domestic ice cream producers by raising the possibility that Nestles strong presence in the Russian market will eventually eliminate any challenge from domestic producers, including Ice-Fill, in the medium and long term ranges by citing Nestles dominance of the Egyptian market (p. 14); but I doubt this will happen because the Egyptian market is much smaller than Russians and the domestic producers in Egypt may have not been able to find the financial resources and human capacity to compete with Nestle. It is important to note that Russians are proud of their ice-cream. It is unique. However, if local companies continue to lag behind on innovation and marketing, the outside forces (Nestle, etc. ) are going to continue to expand their presence in Russia and possibly eliminate them. Ice-Fill is in a unique position to make an impact. They have the history and he brand awareness, but they havent really aggressively attacked the market and innovated. If Nestle succeeds in dethroning Ice-fill, or if Ice-Fill flexes its muscle and expands its market share, the ice-cream market in Russia would lose some of its attractiveness. 3) Could the industry structure be made hugely more attractive? If so, how? Yes, I believe so. The Russian ice cream market has been on a downturn in the last few years due to the increase in consumer demand for sodas, beer and confectioneries. As the case study points out, the ice cream industry historically has not needed to engage much in marketing activities due to the Soviet-style business model, which relied on central planning and production, and the popularity of ice creams. After market liberalizing, the multinational companies had some marketing success due to the inexperience of the domestic producers but, overall, ice cream marketing has lagged that of other notable food industries in Russia. As the study noted, Ice-Fill did not run its first TV advertising commercial until 2001 (p. 9). During that same year, the ice cream industry spent only about 1% of its gross sales on marketing, while the ere and sodas market had spent 2% and 7% respectively (p. 2). In that respect, the ice cream market underachieved. If the ice cream industry steps-up its marketing efforts, sales will likely increase. The industry should take pride in their domestic produced ice cream, which they claim many foreigners think is the best in the world (p. 2). The industry should also take advantage of the nutritional advantage ice cream has over beer and sodas as source of protein (and alternative diabetic ice cream) and diversification of its use as an in-home consumption product for menu sizes and desserts, something the industry has failed to tap on so far. The potential Is tenure out It needs to a solo marketing strategically, especially Day ten ancestor producers, which targets consumers patiently and repeatedly, in a concerted effort. A) Who are Ice-Files major competitors? As previously mentioned, despite the downturn of the Russian ice cream market share visit-a-visit other food industries, competition within the industry has flourished (p. 10), with the number of competitors doubling in size, from 150 in 1998, to 300 in 2002. Ice-Files main competitors are the domestic regional producers, who have tempted to compete in the large metropolitan centers, and the multinational companies, most notably Nestle and Basking ; Robbins. B) How well positioned is Ice-Fill relative to its key competitors? The study indicates Ice-Fill sales of ice-cream (and other products) occurred through kiosks, minarets, restaurants and schools. Rather than establishing their own distribution network, Ice-Fill relied on contracting with other companies for distribution and sales of its products, but these companies were not contracted exclusively given they also carry Ice-Files competitors products, most of these in the Moscow area and not much beyond that. The domestic regional companies had their own sales and distribution channels given their niche was in regional localities, such as Siberian Marko, which started as an ice cream distributor ; retailer and ended up establishing manufacturing, distribution and sales capabilities of their own ice cream that reached into Moscow, Ice-Files main niche (p. 11). The multinational companies, on the other hand, decided for the most part to implement the same strategies they applied in other markets, with some adjustments. After the 1998 Russian financial crisis, most foreign companies left the Russian market with the exception of Basking Robbins and Nestle. Basking Robbins successfully established franchising operations in Russia much in the same way as it does in the United States, that is, through allowing independent companies and entrepreneurs run Cafe franchises under the Basking ; Robbins brand name, supporting the franchisees in every detail of the operation. Basking ; Robbins network has 105 Cafe ©s in 35 Russian cities. The study points out that Nestle has had a presence in the Russian market since the days of the Russian Empire. Nestle operations have consisted in mainly maintaining its own local production costs while training and developing local employees. Since 2000, Nestle has invested more than $20 million in ice cream production, attempting to create brands that fit more the Russian market and investing heavily in TV advertising. By 2000, Nestle had the second largest market share in Russia, only behind Ice-Fill. Ice-Fills price position was medium price. Local producers were at 3-4 rubbles while Nestle was around 10. Ice-Fill came in around 6. Keep in mind that Ice-Fill has the brand recognition, the quality and the tradition. I believe this is an excellent session to be in for the moment. However, once the new strategies are implemented the new pricing strategy may have to be considered. C) Is this position sustainable? Despite Intense competition In ten Ice cream market, Ice-HI seems to enjoy ten lead in market share in Russia for the moment, with a 5% share (p. 10). In the short term, yes, this position is sustainable, but in the medium and long terms, no, given the fact, as the study points out, the Moscow market is already saturated with kiosks, booths and minarets and Ice-Files distribution scheme is very limiting, especially visitvisit TTS domestic regional competitors, even in the Moscow market, and foreign competitors outside of Moscow. It is incredible that Ice-Fill has a lead in the market share despite the fact Nestle outspends Ice-Fill in advertising and has a competitive edge in distribution over Ice-Fill. Eventually, Ice-Fill is going to have to commit more to marketing and expanding to cafe ©s which will ultimately lead to possible increases in price. However, since they are positioned in the middle at the moment, a successful campaign might Justify the increase. What are the potential sources of competitive advantage in the Russian ice ream market? 1) Quality of product (Russian taste ; feel). Russians have pride in their ice cream and how it is made. Ice-Fill has the history and recognition, Russians are aware of their quality. If they decide to expand their product line more, its existing brand loyalty will take them a long way. 2) Distribution- Ice-Fill enjoys it success by having of its distribution through kiosks and mint-markets. Their lead in the market share would increase even more if they pursued other distribution channels such as cafes. 3) Marketing- Nestle spends much more on marketing ice-cream than Ice-Fill. If Ice-Fill invested more on marketing, or if one of these other new local companies decides to aggressively market more, Russians would respond well. After all, the numbers show that Russians are loyal to their ice-cream. 4) Good Internal/ External Fit- A company that matches its internal fit to the external environment will have a competitive advantage because it will be creating and capturing value from its competitors 6) What strategy options does Ice-Fill have? What strategy would you recommend Anatoly Shampoos? Ice-Files strategy is intended to pursue a market growth and diversification tragedy while still retaining the family culture style. Right now his company has a slight edge over Nestle. I believe Shampoos should consolidate and expand Ice-Fills market share of ice cream first by doing the following: 1) Competition with domestic regional companies by investing in a strategy to consolidate distribution of its products in a way that will enable it not only to maximize economies of scale but also gain more control over the distribution of its products beyond Moscow. This strategy will help Ice-Fills not only to consolidate and expand its market share in Russia but also to increase and diversify exports of his rodents to Germany and Eastern Europe. 2) Ice-Fills should compete head to head with Nestle and Basking Robbins by establishing its own chain of Ice Cream Cafe ©s in a franchise fashion. Doing so will require Ice-Fills to aggressively recruit young entrepreneurial talent for its main operations Ana Translates. It wall also Torte cinnamon to Implement a 0010 Ana aggressive capitalization strategy, and the only avenue for that would be the offering public shares of his company. This was also contemplated in the Passion for Learning case, in that case, FL considered whether to open up boutique toy stores as another means to progress their sales. A bold move like this can be detrimental if not applied properly, however, given the extensive history of the company and its knowledge with their own people, Ice-Fill would succeed with this move. 3) Embrace the concept of internal and internal fit. Ice-Fill is is on the right track. They hire young energetic executives, it is their desire to thrive in a open market. And open is in their culture. This internal fit needs to be refined to meet the external environment that is developing. An environment that is growing in competition rapidly and where old moves need to be made. Ice-Fill needs not only to create value by leveraging its strengths and experience, but it must also capture value through its organizational structure. All departments must be linked and have a common purpose. 4) Ice-Fills solution to the regional producers is aggressive marketing. It would not be beneficial to start a price war but it may not be necessary to do so. As it stands, Ice-Fills is more known, and it is trusted. Having a new marketing campaign tied in with some special promotions might be enough to get ahead of these local competitors early on.